The prices assigned to a company’s products and services are an important element of the company’s marketing strategy. Pricing strategy plays a key role in determining a company’s revenue and overall financial picture and cannot be treated as an afterthought. Those of you operating in the B2B sector especially will note the codependent relationship between product and service pricing and the ability to attract and retain customers. B2B purchases are complex, involving multiple stakeholders, an extended sales cycle and high-value contracts. According to Marketing Chart, 63% of B2B buying committees consist of at least three decision-makers.

Identifying the optimal price range is critical business intel. If prices are too low, it becomes difficult to attain the sales revenue goal; there will be extra work and worry caused by the need to fill the sales pipeline with evermore prospects and hope to convert enough of them into paying customers. Price at a level that prospects find excessive may alienate them and possibly drive them instead to do business with a lower priced competitor. So your mission here is to find a sweet spot price range that prospects will tolerate and become your loyal paying customers.

Evaluate your industry and competition

As you contemplate pricing you will benefit by first identifying benchmarks by investigating pricing norms, in particular, standard mark-ups and the typical profit margin range in your industry. Next, check out the prices of a few competitors. Evaluating these numbers will also reveal whether or not your product and/or service production or acquisition costs are reasonable relative to the typical selling price range found in your industry and used by competitors.

Be advised that while knowledge of competitive pricing will help you determine an acceptable price range for your products and services, it would be ill-advised to merely apply a competitors’ prices for similar items to your line. Let factors that are unique to your situation guide your finalized pricing strategy.

Determine your pricing potential

It’s critical to identify a price range for your products and/or services that aligns with your brand and market position and is also accepted by your target customers. Knowing where on the value spectrum customers classify your products and services is essential information for every business and that knowledge is particularly important for pricing. You’ll confirm pricing potential when you understand customer perceptions of your company value and brand position. You may decide against pricing at either the upper or lower extremes of customer price tolerance but by considering key factors, including acquisition or production costs, competitive pricing intel and knowing the price tolerance of target customers, you can determine which end of the pricing spectrum will be most advantageous for your line.

Remember also that Freelancers and business owners in nearly every industry continue to grapple with the unfortunate effects of depressed wages, which for many have not kept pace with inflated prices that were declared “over” in 2022 but that we can’t seem to outrun. Customers remain cautious with their spending and most companies realize that pricing competitively to attract and retain customers is a must. Here are some common B2B pricing strategies that may help you find your sweet spot.

Cost-plus pricing

This strategy employs an uncomplicated mark-up formula. The business owner calculates the acquisition or production costs of the product or service, adds a certain sum for overhead expenses such as rent, payroll and utilities and arrives, tacks on the desired profit margin and arrives at a price that will cover all costs and deliver the margin. Also called mark-up pricing, this strategy focuses on internal factors like production or acquisition costs rather than external factors like brand reputation and competitive prices. 

Premium pricing

A premium pricing strategy aims for the maximum amount a customer is willing to pay for a product or service, rather than focusing on production/acquisition costs, competitive pricing, or other factors. Selling your product or service at a premium can mean deliberately pricing higher than competitors, as a way of demonstrating to your target market that your product or service is of a higher quality and more desirable than what’s sold by competitors and is therefore worth the additional cost. If marketing and branding activities convey high-end status and particularly when customers and influencers provide good word of mouth, a premium pricing strategy will be a brand-building asset and fulfill customer expectations.

Loss leader pricing

AKA penetration pricing, this strategy is enacted when a business assigns an irresistibly low price to a high-volume product or service with the intent of enticing customers to abandon competitors who sell a similar product or service at a noticeably higher price. The hope is that customers drawn to the loss leader will be motivated by the availability of other desirable items, and already happy with their bargain-priced item, will purchase those products or services that bring in a higher profit margin and make up for the low, or nonexistent, profit margin of the loss leader. Some B2B companies use a “freemium” version of loss leader pricing and allow new users to access a limited version of a product or service at no cost in the hope they’ll convert to paying customers. The strategy can also be effective for lead generation.

Trader Joe’s customers will be familiar with the chain’s quite successful use of loss leader pricing. For 20+ years, bananas at Trader Joe’s were priced at 19 cents each (increased in March 2024 to 23 cents each, as a result of rising transportation and farming expenses). The price of an organic banana was returned to 29 cents each, after being priced at 25 cents each for a few years. Trader Joe’s Markets is a privately held company and does not publicly report income, but it is believed that annual earnings are about 13 billion annually—so loss leader pricing appears to work for them.

Competitive pricing

Monitoring competitive pricing is time-honored business strategy. When the pricing strategy is influenced by a close competitor, prices are set relative to rivals and follow the going market rate for similar products and services. Prices may be set slightly lower or higher depending on factors such as product quality, target market and the marketing strategy. Proprietors of relatively new B2B companies often benefit from using this strategy because existing brands have already determined what customers will pay for similar products and services.

Tiered pricing

Most businesses serve a wide range of customers who have different business needs and operate under different financial conditions. Tiered pricing addresses the diversity of customers by offering price points for products and services that reflect the addition of features included at each level. Lowest cost versions include only basic features and highest price versions offer the most, and most desirable, features. Tiered pricing can increase revenue by enabling the business to sell to a wider range of customers.

Tiered pricing can also support the pricing strategy known as price anchoring. By offering three or more pricing tiers, the business can position its premium option as a psychological reference point as the best value for the money and use this story to encourage customers to accept up-sells.

Subscription pricing

With a product or service that requires repeated sales, e.g., access to software as a service (SaaS) or attending a monthly networking meeting, Freelancers and other business owners will turn to the subscription pricing model. Subscription pricing is usually a win-win for both customer and business owner because monthly costs are locked in with (typically) an annual contract. Both parties know the amount of money that will be paid or received each month or quarter. Subscription pricing delivers the advantage of expense (the customer) and revenue (the business) predictability that will encompass a predetermined length of time that also supports business planning for both the customer and the Freelancer or business owner.

Thanks for reading,

Kim

Image: ©TK Kurikawa for Shutterstock 1457812421